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A general, effective and convenient protocol for the direct synthesis of various 2-aminoquinolines (39 examples) through AgBF4-catalyzed amination of quinoline N-oxides with isothiocyanates under base-, oxidant-free and mild conditions was developed. The transformation could be performed on a gram-scale and in a sequential manner starting from quinoline N-oxide to the synthesis of benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]quinoline.

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Palladium-catalyzed C-H couplings (CSP3-C SP2) of pyridine N-oxides with benzyl chloride derivatives is reported. It provides a novel and easy process for the synthesis of 2-benzylpyridine derivatives through benzylic cross-couplings of pyridine N-oxides. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York.

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Reactions of quinoline N-oxides (1) with barbituric acid in Ac2O (1.2 eq) – DMF afford regioselectively 2-substituted quinolines (3) or quinolinium ylides (4), depending upon the nature of 1 and the reaction conditions.The reactions of quinoline and lepidine N-oxides (1a, 1b) at room temperature give the N-ylides (4a, 4b), and those at 90 deg yield 2-substituted quinolines (3a, 3b).The directive effect of the reaction temperature is very reverse in reactions of 4-methoxy- and 4-chloro-quinoline N-oxides (1c, 1d); nevertheless, the reactions in Ac2O at 90 deg afford 3cand 3d.While 3-cyanoquinoline N-oxide (1g) gives only 2-substituted product (3g), 4-morpholino-, 3-bromo- and 3-acetamido-quinoline N-oxides (1e, 1f, 1h) afford N-ylides (4e, 4f, 4h), independently of the reaction conditions.

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An unprecedented Cu(OAc)2- and LiOtBu-mediated homocoupling of azine N-oxides to yield 2,2?-azine N,N?-dioxides is reported. This is the first instance in which copper has been used to catalyze the homodimerization reaction, especially of 2-phenylpyridine N-oxides. In the absence of catalytic copper, the reaction follows an alternative pathway, and instead of dioxides it yields 2,2?-azine N-monoxides. This latter protocol works efficiently with a range of N-heterocyclic oxides of pyridine, 2-phenylpyridine, quinoline and N-aryl-1,2,3-triazole. It is scalable, offers high regioselectivity and gives the products in moderate to high yields. The observed chemoselectivity between the copper-assisted and copper-free protocols is routed through oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) and nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen (SNAr) pathways, respectively.

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In this paper, we report a highly selective and widely applicable method for deoxygenation of pyridine N-oxides using ethanol as the reducing agent through the visible-light-responsive photoredox catalysis of a divacant lacunary silicotungstate TBA4H4[gamma-SiW10O36] (I, TBA=tetra-n-butylammonium). By irradiation with visible light (lambda > 385 nm), the two-electron and two-proton transfers from the coordinated ethanol to I efficiently took place. Then, the transiently stored electrons and protons within I could be effectively utilized for the selective deoxygenation of pyridine N-oxides. Various kinds of structurally diverse pyridine N-oxides could be converted into the corresponding substituted pyridines in high yields, even in the presence of other reducible functional groups, such as olefinic, chloro, cyano, carbonyl, and amide groups. In addition, I could be readily retrieved after the reaction, and the retrieved I could be reused with keeping its high catalytic performance. The lacunary site of I played an important dual role as the electron transfer site from ethanol to I and the selective electron transfer site from the reduced I to pyridine N-oxides.

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An electrolytic tin alloy plating solution contains a compound serving as a source of supply of tin ions, a compound serving as a source of supply of silver ions, an oxide of a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, and a flavonoid compound.

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The scope and mechanistic implications of the direct transformation of heterocyclic N-oxides to 2-trifluoromethyl-, and related perfluoroalkyl- and perfluoroaryl-substituted N-heterocycles has been studied. The reaction is effected by perfluoroalkyl- and perfluorophenyltrimethylsilane in the presence of strong base. In situ displacement of the para-fluoro substituent in the pentafluorophenyl ring and the methoxy group in 8-methoxyquinolines with additional nucleophiles allows for further site-selective refunctionalization of the N-heterocyclic products. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.

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Treatment of 2-, 3-, 4-picoline N-oxides and 2,6-dimethylpyridine N-oxide with TiCl4/NaBH4 in dimethoxyethane afforded the corresponding picolines and 2,6-dimethylpyridine in acceptable yields.The same reaction of quinaldine N-oxide and benzoquinoline N-oxide succesfully gave quinaldine and benzoquinoline, respectively.In the case of quinoline N-oxide, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline and quinoline were obtained.On the other hand, lepidine N-oxide and isoquinoline N-oxide afforded the corresponding 1,2-dihydro derivatives.Similarly, papaverine N-oxide gave 1,2-dihydropapaverine as major product accompanying with papaverine.

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We report the first reductive coupling of unactivated alkenes with N-methoxy pyridazinium, imidazolium, quinolinium, and isoquinolinium salts under hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) conditions, and an expanded scope for the coupling of alkenes with N-methoxy pyridinium salts. N-Methoxy pyridazinium, imidazolium, quinolinium, and isoquinolinium salts are accessible in 1-2 steps from the commercial arenes or arene N-oxides (25-99%). N-Methoxy imidazolium salts are accessible in three steps from commercial amines (50-85%). In total 36 discrete methoxyheteroarenium salts bearing electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, alkyl, aryl, halogen, and haloalkyl substituents were prepared (several in multigram quantities) and coupled with 38 different alkenes. The transformations proceed under neutral conditions at ambient temperature, provide monoalkylation products exclusively, and form a single alkene addition regioisomer. Preparatively useful and complementary site selectivities in the addition of secondary and tertiary radicals to pyidinium salts are documented: harder secondary radicals favor C-2 addition (2->10:1), while softer tertiary radicals favor bond formation to C-4 (4.7->29:1). A diene possessing a 1,2-disubstituted and 2,2-disubstituted alkene undergoes hydropyridylation at the latter exclusively (61%) suggesting useful site selectivities can be obtained in polyene substrates. The methoxypyridinium salts can also be employed in dehydrogenative arylation, borono-Minisci, and tandem arylation processes. Mechanistic studies support the involvement of a radical process.

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Halogen bonding (XB) in complexes of diiodine with heteroaromatic N-oxides was examined via a combination of UV-vis spectral and X-ray structural measurements, as well as computational analysis. While all of these associates were formed by analogous I···O bonds, they showed considerable variations of formation constants (5-1500 M-1) and intermolecular I···O bond length (2.3-3.2 A). In the solid state, both atoms of I2 molecules were involved in XB, and the I···O separations were determined by the electron-donor abilities of N-oxides and the strength of the bonding on the opposite side of the ditopic XB donor. The solution-phase formation constants of 1:1 complexes, K, as well as magnitudes of the calculated interaction energies, DeltaE, increased with the shift of the values of the most negative potentials on the surfaces of N-oxides’ oxygen atoms, Vmin, toward more negative values. Yet, the interatomic contacts consistently deviated from the locations of Vmin. Instead, the structures of complexes were well suited for highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital interactions of reactants. The values of K, DeltaE, and the intermolecular distances dI···O in the calculated complexes were highly correlated with the charge-transfer interaction energies derived from the natural bond orbital analysis. This indicated that, besides electrostatic, molecular orbital interactions play a substantial role in XB between diiodine and N-oxides. This conclusion was supported by the analysis of the complexes using the quantum theory of atoms in molecules, noncovalent interaction index, and density overlap region indicator, which showed that the covalent character of I···O bonding increases with the rise of interaction energies in the complexes.

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