Category: 117-96-4

Ferrey, Mark L. published the artcilePharmaceuticals and other anthropogenic chemicals in atmospheric particulates and precipitation, SDS of cas: 117-96-4, the main research area is contaminants of emerging concern airborne particulate precipitation atm transport; Air; Atmospheric transport; Contaminants of emerging concern; Precipitation; Surface water.

Air and precipitation samples were analyzed by liquid chromatog. tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatog. mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and other com. chems. within the St. Paul/Minneapolis metropolitan area of Minnesota, U.S. Of the 126 chems. analyzed, 17 were detected at least once. Bisphenol A, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), and cocaine were the most frequently detected; their maximum concentrations in snow were 3.80, 9.49, and 0.171 ng/L and in air were 0.137, 0.370, and 0.033 ng/m3, resp. DEET and cocaine were present in samples of rain up to 14.5 and 0.806 ng/L, resp. Four antibiotics – ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole – were detected at concentrations up to 10.3 ng/L in precipitation, while ofloxacin was the sole antibiotic detected in air at 0.013 ng/m3. The X-ray contrast agent iopamidol and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug naproxen were detected in snow up to 228 ng/L and 3.74 ng/L, resp., while caffeine was detected only in air at 0.069 and 0.111 ng/m3. Benzothiazole was present in rain up to 70 ng/L, while derivatives of benzotriazole – 4-methylbenzotriazole, 5-methylbenzotriazole, and 5-chlorobenzotriazole – were detected at concentrations up to 1.5 ng/L in rain and 3.4 ng/L in snow. Nonylphenol and nonylphenol monoethoxylate were detected once in air at 0.165 and 0.032 ng/m3, resp. Although the sources of these chems. to atm. are not known, fugacity anal. suggests that wastewater may be a source of nonylphenol, nonylphenol monoethoxylate, DEET, and caffeine to atm. The land-spreading of biosolids is known to generate PM10 that could also account for the presence of these contaminants in air. Micro-pollutant detections in air and precipitation are similar to the profile of contaminants reported previously for surface water. This proof of concept study suggests that atm. transport of these chems. may partially explain the ubiquity of these contaminants in the aquatic environment.

Science of the Total Environment published new progress about Airborne particles. 117-96-4 belongs to class isoquinoline, name is Diatrizoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C11H9I3N2O4, SDS of cas: 117-96-4.

Referemce:
Isoquinoline – Wikipedia,
Isoquinoline | C9H7N – PubChem

Zhang, Wei published the artcileElectrochemical processes coupled to a biological treatment for the removal of iodinated X-ray contrast media compounds, HPLC of Formula: 117-96-4, the main research area is iodinated x ray media compound electrochem processes; activated sludge; biodegradability; biological treatment; coupling process; deiodination; diatrizoate; electrochemical oxidation; electroreduction.

The issue with the accumulation of ICM has received considerable critical attention since they are ubiquitously distributed in municipal wastewater effluents and in the aquatic environment and are not significantly eliminated by most biol. sewage treatment processes. On the production sites, the recovery of iodine ions due to the carbon-iodine cleavage can be envisaged, which is particularly interesting to reduce the cost of the ICM production process. The coupling of an electrochem. process and a biol. treatment can be carried out to mineralize the organic part of the formed byproducts, allowing the recovery of the iodide ions. The electrochem. oxidation of the byproducts formed after the first treatment by electroreduction was then performed at three different potentials to study the influence of electrochem. oxidation on biodegradability. Results showed that the degradation yield of the deiodinated byproducts increased with the potential and reached 100% at 1.3 V/SCE. Four different biol. treatments were implemented during 21 days in stirred flasks with fresh activated sludge. The evolution of the mineralization during the biol. treatment highlighted the biorecalcitrance of diatrizoate as previously estimated by the BOD5/COD ratio. Interestingly, the mineralization yield increased from 41 to 60% when electrochem. oxidation at 1.3 V/SCE was implemented after electroreduction

Frontiers in Chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland) published new progress about Cyclic voltammetry. 117-96-4 belongs to class isoquinoline, name is Diatrizoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C11H9I3N2O4, HPLC of Formula: 117-96-4.

Referemce:
Isoquinoline – Wikipedia,
Isoquinoline | C9H7N – PubChem

Ayatollahi, Shakiba published the artcileRadiation chemistry of salicylic and methyl substituted salicylic acids: Models for the radiation chemistry of pharmaceutical compounds, Name: Diatrizoic Acid, the main research area is radiation chem salicylic methyl salicylate model pharmaceutical.

Salicylic acid and its derivatives are components of many medications and moieties found in numerous pharmaceutical compounds They have been used as models for various pharmaceutical compounds in pharmacol. studies, for the treatment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), and, reactions with natural organic matter (NOM). In this study, the radiation chem. of benzoic acid, salicylic acid and four Me substituted salicylic acids (MSA) is reported. The absolute bimol. reaction rate constants for hydroxyl radical reaction with benzoic and salicylic acids as well as 3-methyl-, 4-methyl-, 5-methyl-, and 6-methyl-salicylic acid were determined (5.86±0.54)×109, (1.07±0.07)×1010, (7.48±0.17)×109, (7.31±0.29)×109, (5.47±0.25)×109, (6.94±0.10)×109 (M-1 s-1), resp. The hydrated electron reaction rate constants were measured (3.02±0.10)×109, (8.98±0.27)×109, (5.39±0.21)×109, (4.33±0.17)×109, (4.72±0.15)×109, (1.42±0.02)×109 (M-1 s-1), resp. The transient absorption spectra for the six model compounds were examined and their role as model compounds for the radiation chem. of pharmaceuticals investigated.

Radiation Physics and Chemistry published new progress about Radiation chemistry. 117-96-4 belongs to class isoquinoline, name is Diatrizoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C11H9I3N2O4, Name: Diatrizoic Acid.

Referemce:
Isoquinoline – Wikipedia,
Isoquinoline | C9H7N – PubChem

Ahmad, Wasi Md. published the artcilePotential dual imaging nanoparticle: Gd2O3 nanoparticle, Recommanded Product: Diatrizoic Acid, the main research area is prostate cancer gadolinium oxide nanoparticle MRI CT cytotoxicity theragnosis.

Gadolinium (Gd) is a unique and powerful element in chem. and biomedicine which can be applied simultaneously to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray computed tomog. (CT), and neutron capture therapy for cancers. This multifunctionality can be maximized using gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles (GNPs) because of the large amount of Gd per GNP, making both diagnosis and therapy (i.e., theragnosis) for cancers possible using only GNPs. In this study, the T1 MRI and CT dual imaging capability of GNPs is explored by synthesizing various iodine compound (IC) coated GNPs (IC-GNPs). All the IC-GNP samples showed stronger X-ray absorption and larger longitudinal water proton relaxivities (r1 = 26-38 s-1mM-1 and r2/r1 = 1.4-1.9) than the resp. com. contrast agents. In vivo T1 MR and CT images of mice were also acquired, supporting that the GNP is a potential dual imaging agent.

Scientific Reports published new progress about Absorption (X-ray). 117-96-4 belongs to class isoquinoline, name is Diatrizoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C11H9I3N2O4, Recommanded Product: Diatrizoic Acid.

Referemce:
Isoquinoline – Wikipedia,
Isoquinoline | C9H7N – PubChem

Bocos, Elvira published the artcileElimination of radiocontrast agent diatrizoic acid by photo-Fenton process and enhanced treatment by coupling with electro-Fenton process, Synthetic Route of 117-96-4, the main research area is diatrizoic acid photoelectro fenton coupling reaction; Activated carbon; Diatrizoic acid; Heterogeneous process; Mineralization; Photo-Fenton; Photoelectro-Fenton.

First, the effect of H2O2 dosage on mineralization efficiency was determined using UV irradiation The system reached a maximum mineralization degree of 60% total organic carbon (TOC) removal at 4 h with 20 mM initial H2O2 concentration while further concentration values led to a decrease in TOC abatement efficiency. Then, the effect of different concentrations of Fenton’s reagents was studied for homogeneous Fenton process. Obtained results revealed that 0.25 mM Fe3+ and 20 mM H2O2 were the best conditions, achieving 80% TOC removal efficiency at 4 h treatment. Furthermore, heterogeneous PF treatment was developed using iron-activated carbon as catalyst. It was demonstrated that this catalyst is a promising option, reaching 67% of TOC removal within 4 h treatment without formation of iron leachate in the medium. In addition, two strategies of enhancement for process efficiency are proposed: coupling of PF with electro-Fenton (EF) process in two ways: photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) or PF followed by EF (PF-EF) treatments, achieving in both cases the complete mineralization of DIA solution within only 2 h. Finally, the Microtox tests revealed the formation of more toxic compounds than the initial DIA during PF process, while, it was possible to reach total mineralization by both proposed alternatives (PEF or PF-EF) and thus to remove the toxicity of DIA solution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research published new progress about Aliivibrio fischeri. 117-96-4 belongs to class isoquinoline, name is Diatrizoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C11H9I3N2O4, Synthetic Route of 117-96-4.

Referemce:
Isoquinoline – Wikipedia,
Isoquinoline | C9H7N – PubChem

Corella Puertas, Elena published the artcileDegradation of diatrizoate in a pin-to-liquid plasma reactor, its transformation products and their residual toxicity, Safety of Diatrizoic Acid, the main research area is diatrizoate pin to liquid plasma reactor degradation residual toxicity.

Diatrizoate, a recalcitrant iodinated contrast medium, has been detected in wastewaters and water bodies worldwide, with concentrations in hospital wastewaters in the μg/L range. Considering that conventional wastewater treatment technologies and ozonation fail to adequately remove diatrizoate, there is a need for researching alternative treatment technologies. In the present work, aqueous solutions of diatrizoate were treated in a compact (7.5 mL liquid volume) non-thermal plasma-liquid reactor. Oxygen and air plasmas were used for diatrizoate removal, with oxygen plasma performing better. After 20 min of treatment of 200μg/L diatrizoate in pure water, oxygen led to 90% degradation whereas air achieved only 20% degradation Two diatrizoate concentrations were studied: 10 mg/L to facilitate the identification of transformation products when using an oxygen plasma and 200μg/L, a concentration in the range expected in hospital wastewater. For the oxygen plasma treatment, the energy efficiency for removing diatrizoate was 0.140 g/kWh for C0 = 10 mg/L and 0.006 g/kWh for C0 = 200μg/L. The following transformation products of diatrizoate were identified: m/z 486A, 504A, 504B, 628, 630A, 630B (previously described in literature) and m/z 486B, 550, 555, 565, 578 (novel). Acute toxicity tests on Aliivibrio fischeri revealed no residual toxicity associated to transformation products. Since diatrizoate is a particularly recalcitrant aqueous organic pollutant, its successful removal and the lack of formation of toxic transformation products indicates that the developed plasma-based technol. is promising for treating challenging wastewaters, such as hospital wastewaters.

Science of the Total Environment published new progress about Aliivibrio fischeri. 117-96-4 belongs to class isoquinoline, name is Diatrizoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C11H9I3N2O4, Safety of Diatrizoic Acid.

Referemce:
Isoquinoline – Wikipedia,
Isoquinoline | C9H7N – PubChem

Matsushita, Taku published the artcileChanges in mutagenicity and acute toxicity of solutions of iodinated X-ray contrast media during chlorination, Quality Control of 117-96-4, the main research area is iodinated X ray contrast media mutagenicity cytotoxicity chlorination; Ames test; Drinking-water treatment; Iopamidol; QSAR; Vibrio fischeri.

In the present study, the effects of chlorination on the mutagenicity (assessed via the Ames assay) and acute toxicity (assessed via a bioluminescence inhibition assay) of solutions containing one of five commonly used iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) (iopamidol, iohexol, iopromide, iomeprol, and diatrizoate) were investigated. Of the five ICM tested, only iopamidol was degraded by chlorine. Chlorination of the iopamidol-containing solution induced both mutagenicity and acute toxicity, which increased with chlorination time (up to 96 h). The areas of five out of 54 peaks detected on the LC/MS total ion chromatogram had good correlation (r2 > 0.90) between peak area and observed mutagenicity. To identify possible contributors to the observed mutagenicity, the Ames assay and LC/MS anal. were conducted on samples collected at 48-h chlorination time and extracted under different pH conditions. Of the five peaks, one peak was detected in the sample extracted at pH 7, but this sample was not mutagenic, indicating that the peak was not related to the observed mutagenicity. MS/MS anal. with an orbitrap mass spectrometer of the remaining four peaks revealed that two of the peaks represented the same TP (detected in neg. and pos. ion modes). Finally, three TPs were identified as suspected contributors to the mutagenicity induced by the iopamidol-containing solution after chlorination: 5-[(1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl)carbamoyl]-3-[(3-hydroxypropanoyl)oxy]-2,4-diiodobenzoic acid; N-(1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl)-3-(2,3-dioxopropyl)-2,4,6-triiodobenzamide; and 3-[(1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl)carbamoyl]-5-[(3-hydroxybutanoyl)oxy]-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid. Prediction of the mutagenicity potential of these three TPs with a battery of four quant. structure-activity relationship models did not contradict our conclusion that these TPs contributed to the observed mutagenicity.

Chemosphere published new progress about Aliivibrio fischeri. 117-96-4 belongs to class isoquinoline, name is Diatrizoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C11H9I3N2O4, Quality Control of 117-96-4.

Referemce:
Isoquinoline – Wikipedia,
Isoquinoline | C9H7N – PubChem

Gonzalez-Gil, Lorena published the artcileBiotransformation of organic micropollutants by anaerobic sludge enzymes, Safety of Diatrizoic Acid, the main research area is biotransformation organic micropollutant anaerobic sludge enzyme; Anaerobic digestion; Degradation; Enzymatic pathways; Enzymatic transformation; Pharmaceuticals; Sewage treatment plant.

Biotransformation of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in wastewater treatment plants ultimately depends on the enzymic activities developed in each biol. process. However, few research efforts have been made to clarify and identify the role of enzymes on the removal of OMPs, which is an essential knowledge to determine the biotransformation potential of treatment technologies. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the enzymic transformation of 35 OMPs under anaerobic conditions, which have been even less studied than aerobic systems. Initially, 13 OMPs were identified to be significantly biotransformed (>20%) by anaerobic sludge obtained from a full-scale anaerobic digester, predestining them as potential targets of anaerobic enzymes. Native enzymes were extracted from this anaerobic sludge to perform transformation assays with the OMPs. In addition, the effect of detergents to recover membrane enzymes, as well as the effects of cofactors and inhibitors to promote and suppress specific enzymic activities were evaluated. In total, it was possible to recover enzymic activities towards 10 out of these 13 target OMPs (acetyl-sulfamethoxazole and its transformation product sulfamethoxazole, acetaminophen, atenolol, clarithromycin, citalopram, climbazole, erythromycin, and terbutryn, venlafaxine) as well as towards 8 non-target OMPs (diclofenac, iopamidol, acyclovir, acesulfame, and 4 different hydroxylated metabolites of carbamazepine). Some enzymic activities likely involved in the anaerobic biotransformation of these OMPs were identified. Thereby, this study is a starting point to unravel the still enigmatic biotransformation of OMPs in wastewater treatment systems.

Water Research published new progress about Anaerobic digesters. 117-96-4 belongs to class isoquinoline, name is Diatrizoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C11H9I3N2O4, Safety of Diatrizoic Acid.

Referemce:
Isoquinoline – Wikipedia,
Isoquinoline | C9H7N – PubChem

Borowska, Ewa published the artcileDegradation of Iodinated Contrast Media in Aquatic Environment by Means of UV, UV/TiO2 Process, and by Activated Sludge, Synthetic Route of 117-96-4, the main research area is activated sludge UV radiation iodinated contrast media aquatic environment; Iodinated contrast media; Membrane bioreactors; Photolysis; UV/TiO2 process.

Iodinated contrast media (ICM), which are used for radiol. visualization of human tissue and cardiovascular system, are poorly biodegradable; hence, new methods of their removal are sought. In this study, the effectiveness of selected X-ray ICM removal by means of UV and UV/TiO2 pretreatment processes from synthetic hospital wastewater was demonstrated. The following compounds were investigated: iodipamide, iohexol, and diatrizoate. The experiments were as follows: (i) estimated susceptibility of the ICM to decay by UV radiation in different aquatic matrixes, (ii) determined an optimal retention time of hospital wastewater in the UV reactor, (iii) determined optimum TiO2 concentration to improve the effectiveness of the UV pretreatment, and (iv) investigated removal of ICM by combination of the photochem. and biol. treatment methods. The quantum yields of selected ICM decay in deionized water (pH = 7.0) were established as 0.006, 0.004, and 0.029 for iohexol, diatrizoate, and iodipamide, resp. Furthermore, the experiments revealed that diatrizoate and iohexol removal in the UV/TiO2 process is more efficient than in UV process alone. For diatrizoate, the removal efficiency equaled to 40 and 30 %, resp., and for iohexol, the efficiency was 38 and 27 %, resp. No significant increase in iodipamide removal in UV and UV/TiO2 processes was observed (29 and 28 %, resp.). However, highest removal efficiency was demonstrated in synthetic hospital wastewater with the combined photochem. and biol. treatment method. The removal of diatrizoate and iohexol increased to at least 90 %, and for iodipamide, to at least 50 %.

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution published new progress about Aquatic environment. 117-96-4 belongs to class isoquinoline, name is Diatrizoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C11H9I3N2O4, Synthetic Route of 117-96-4.

Referemce:
Isoquinoline – Wikipedia,
Isoquinoline | C9H7N – PubChem

Frost, Anna Buus published the artcileThe Pharmacokinetics of the Weakly Protein-Bound Anionic Compound Diatrizoate in Serum and Synovial Fluid of the Horse, SDS of cas: 117-96-4, the main research area is pharmacokinetics protein anionic diatrizoate blood synovium fluid horse.

Purpose: To establish a pharmacokinetic model for the model drug, sodium diatrizoate (DTZ), allowing joint disappearance kinetics to be estimated from serum appearance kinetics following intra-articular administration, and to calculate the relative joint exposure after i.v. and intra-articular DTZ administration (Fiv/IA). Methods: Each of five horses received an aqueous solution of 3.9 mg/kg sodium diatrizoate both i.v. and intra-articularly separated by a one-week wash out period. Serum and synovial samples were collected over 7 h and analyzed for content of model compound using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results: Differential equations were used for describing the transport of DTZ between the joint and the central compartment. The three-compartment lag-time model obtained demonstrates that the rate of drug appearance in the systemic circulation equals the rate of disappearance from the joint compartment. Following i.v. and intra-articular administration, an average Fiv/IA of 0.04% (n = 4) was calculated based on the synovial fluid profiles of DTZ. Conclusions: This study implies that aspects of the intra-articular fate of DTZ can be obtained from serum data in case synovial fluid samplings are limited, for various possible reasons. The low Fiv/IA may stimulate future research in the field of intra-articular administration of anti-osteoarthritic drugs.

Pharmaceutical Research published new progress about Articular cartilage. 117-96-4 belongs to class isoquinoline, name is Diatrizoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C11H9I3N2O4, SDS of cas: 117-96-4.

Referemce:
Isoquinoline – Wikipedia,
Isoquinoline | C9H7N – PubChem