Category: 117-96-4

Akguellue, Cagdas published the artcileThe usefulness of carvedilol and nebivolol in preventing contrast nephropathy in rats, Application of Diatrizoic Acid, the main research area is carvedilol nebivolol contrast nephropathy; Contrast nephropathy; carvedilol; nebivolol; oxidative stress; prophylaxis.

Background: Oxidative stress and vasoconstriction appear to be important components of contrast nephropathy (CN) pathogenesis, and both carvedilol and nebivolol are known to have vasodilatory and antioxidant effects. Aims: This study aimed to investigate whether carvedilol and nebivolol play preventive roles against developing CN and to compare the effects of each. Materials and methods: Wistar albino rats were divided into control (C, n = 6), contrast material (CM, n = 6), carvedilol (CV, n = 7), carvedilol + contrast material (CV + CM, n = 7), nebivolol (N, n = 7), and nebivolol + contrast (N + CM, n = 7) groups. Following 3 days of dehydration, 6 mL/kg diatrizoate was administered to each rat. Carvedilol was given at a dose of 2 mg/kg and nebivolol at a dose of 1 mg/kg by way of oral gavage. After scarification, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were studied in renal tissue. Histopathol. findings were graded as mild (+), moderate (++), and severe (+++). Results and discussion: Most of the histopathol. findings and MDA levels were significantly higher in the CM group than that in the C, CVCM, and NVCM groups, whereas there was no significant difference between the C, CVCM and NVCM groups. TAC level in the CM group was significantly lower than in all other groups. There was no difference in SOD among groups. Conclusions: Carvedilol and nebivolol both prevent development of nephropathy related to CMs by decreasing oxidative stress. Neither is superior to the other.

Renal Failure published new progress about Antioxidants. 117-96-4 belongs to class isoquinoline, name is Diatrizoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C11H9I3N2O4, Application of Diatrizoic Acid.

Referemce:
Isoquinoline – Wikipedia,
Isoquinoline | C9H7N – PubChem

Duan, Shao-Bin published the artcileMitochondria-targeted peptides prevent on contrast-induced acute kidney injury in the rats with hypercholesterolemia, Application of Diatrizoic Acid, the main research area is renoprotectant MTP131 SPI20 contrast induced acute kidney injury hypercholesterolemia.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect and mechanism of mitochondria-targeted peptides (MTP131 and SPI20) on contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in rats with hypercholesterolemia. Method: Forty SD rats were randomly divided into normal diet group (NN, n = 8) and high cholesterol supplemented dietary group (HN, n = 32). At the end of 8 wk, the group HN was divided into four subgroups. All Rats were given injection of either diatrizoate (10 mL/kg) or equal volume of normal saline, the rats pretreated with MTP131 or SPI20 were given injection with MTP131 or SPI 20 (3 mg/kg) by peritoneal cavity for 3 times. Blood, urine and renal tissue samples were prepared to determine biochem. parameters. The renal pathol. changes were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining and scored semiquant., The protein expression of renal NOX4 was also measured by Western blotting. Results: In diatrizoate-injected rats, Serum creatinine (Scr), fractional excretion of sodium (FeNa%), fractional excretion of potassium (FeK%), pathol. scores, renal malondialdehyde (MDA) content, the NADPH oxidase activity and the expression of NOX4 in kidney tissue were significantly increased (p < 0.01). In the groups pretreated with MTP131 or SPI20, the levels of Scr, FeNa%, FeK%, MDA content and NADPH oxidase activity in renal tissue decreased (p < 0.01), the levels of renal super oxygen dehydrogenises and ATPase activity increased (p < 0.01). The renal injuries induced by contrast media (CM) were alleviated. Conclusion: MTP131 and SPI20 might protect acute kidney injury induced by CM in rats with hypercholesterolemia. Renal Failure published new progress about Antioxidants. 117-96-4 belongs to class isoquinoline, name is Diatrizoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C11H9I3N2O4, Application of Diatrizoic Acid.

Referemce:
Isoquinoline – Wikipedia,
Isoquinoline | C9H7N – PubChem

Andreucci, Michele published the artcileQuercetin protects against radiocontrast medium toxicity in human renal proximal tubular cells, Application of Diatrizoic Acid, the main research area is quercetin renal proximal tubular cell radiocontrast medium toxicity; acute kidney injury; cell injury; flavonol; kinase; signaling.

Radiocontrast media (RCM)-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a major clin. problem whose pathophysiol. is not well understood. Direct toxic effects on renal cells, possibly mediated by reactive oxygen species, have been postulated as contributing to CI-AKI. We investigated the effect of quercetin on human renal proximal tubular (HK-2) cells treated with the radiocontrast medium (RCM) sodium diatrizoate. Quercetin is the most widely studied flavonoid, and the most abundant flavonol present in foods. It has been suggested to have many health benefits, including angioprotective properties and anti-cancer effects. These beneficial effects have been attributed to its antioxidant properties and its ability to modulate cell signaling pathways. Incubation of HK-2 cells with 100μM quercetin caused a decrease in cell viability and pre-treatment of HK-2 cells with 100μM quercetin followed by incubation with 75 mgI/mL sodium diatrizoate for 2 h caused a decrease in cell viability which was worse than in cells treated with diatrizoate alone. However, further incubation of the cells (for 22 h) after removal of the diatrizoate and quercetin caused a recovery in cell viability in those cells previously treated with quercetin + diatrizoate and quercetin alone. Anal. of signaling mols. by Western blotting showed that in RCM-treated cells receiving initial pre-treatment with quercetin, followed by its removal, an increase in phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473), pSTAT3 (Tyr705), and FoxO3a (Thr32) as well as an induction of Pim-1 and decrease in PARP1 cleavage were observed Quercetin may alleviate the longer-term toxic effects of RCM toxicity and its possible beneficial effects should be further investigated.

Journal of Cellular Physiology published new progress about Antioxidants. 117-96-4 belongs to class isoquinoline, name is Diatrizoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C11H9I3N2O4, Application of Diatrizoic Acid.

Referemce:
Isoquinoline – Wikipedia,
Isoquinoline | C9H7N – PubChem

Hofman-Caris, C. H. M. published the artcileRemoval of pharmaceuticals from WWTP effluent: Removal of EfOM followed by advanced oxidation, Safety of Diatrizoic Acid, the main research area is pharmaceutical WWTP effluent EfOM oxidation.

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) throughout the Netherlands contain significant concentrations of pharmaceuticals (25-65 μg/L) and about 10-20 mg C/L dissolved non-biodegradable organic matter. By IEX mainly the humic acid fraction of the effluent organic matter can be removed, whereas O3/biofiltration mainly removes the hydrophobic fraction. For the first time the combination of these processes with O3/H2O2, UV/H2O2 or UV/O3 was tested for the removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater effluent. Based on initial laboratory experiments, a pilot installation was built in which IEX followed by UV/H2O2 was applied to real WWTP effluent. The process appeared to be very robust, and able to remove a very broad range of different pharmaceuticals. The addnl. costs for this treatment are estimated at approx. euro0.34/m3-treated effluent, which is in the same order of magnitude as estimated for other addnl., but less versatile, treatment processes.

Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) published new progress about Biofiltration. 117-96-4 belongs to class isoquinoline, name is Diatrizoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C11H9I3N2O4, Safety of Diatrizoic Acid.

Referemce:
Isoquinoline – Wikipedia,
Isoquinoline | C9H7N – PubChem

Voelker, Johannes published the artcileExtended anaerobic conditions in the biological wastewater treatment: Higher reduction of toxicity compared to target organic micropollutants, Category: isoquinoline, the main research area is Desmodesmus Daphnia Potamopyrgus Lumbriculus wastewater treatment plant; Bioassays; Biodegradation; Chemical analysis; Pharmaceuticals; Sewage treatment; Trace pollutants.

Extended anaerobic conditions during biol. wastewater treatment may enhance the biodegradation of micropollutants. To explore this, we combined iron-reducing or substrate-limited anaerobic conditions and aerobic pilot-scale reactors directly at a wastewater treatment plant. To investigate the detoxification by these processes, we applied two in vitro bioassays for baseline toxicity (Microtox) and reactive toxicity (AREc32) as well as in vivo bioassays with aquatic model species in two laboratory experiments (Desmodesmus subspicatus, Daphnia magna) and two on-site, flow-through experiments (Potamopyrgus antipodarum, Lumbriculus variegatus). Moreover, we analyzed 31 commonly occurring micropollutants and 10 metabolites. The baseline toxicity of raw wastewater was effectively removed in full-scale and reactor scale activated sludge treatment (>85%), while the oxidative stress response was only partially removed (>61%). A combination of an anaerobic pre-treatment under iron reducing conditions and an aerobic nitrification significantly further reduced the residual in vitro toxicities by 46-60% and outperformed the second combination consisting of an aerobic pre-treatment and an anaerobic post-treatment under substrate-limiting conditions (27-43%). Exposure to effluents of the activated sludge treatment did not induce adverse in vivo effects in aquatic invertebrates. Accordingly, no further improvement in water quality could be observed Compared to that, the removal of persistent micropollutants was increased. However, this observation was restricted to a limited number of compounds and the removal of the sum concentration of all target micropollutants was relative low (14-17%). In conclusion, combinations of strictly anaerobic and aerobic processes significantly enhanced the removal of specific and non-specific in vitro toxicities. Thus, an optimization of biol. wastewater treatment can lead to a substantially improved detoxification. These otherwise hidden capacities of a treatment technol. can only be uncovered by a complementary biol. anal.

Water Research published new progress about Bioindicators. 117-96-4 belongs to class isoquinoline, name is Diatrizoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C11H9I3N2O4, Category: isoquinoline.

Referemce:
Isoquinoline – Wikipedia,
Isoquinoline | C9H7N – PubChem

Radjenovic, Jelena published the artcileSulfate-mediated electrooxidation of X-ray contrast media on boron-doped diamond anode, Name: Diatrizoic Acid, the main research area is boron diamond anode sulfate electrooxidation Xray contrast medium; Degradation mechanism; Diatrizoate; Electrochemical oxidation; Hydroxyl radical; Iopromide; Sulfate radicals.

Recently, electrochem. activation of sulfate ions to sulfate radical species and nonradically activated persulfate has been demonstrated at boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode, which enhanced the electrooxidation kinetics of several persistent contaminants. In this study, we investigated the transformation pathways of two X-ray contrast media (ICM), diatrizoate and iopromide, in electrooxidation at BDD anode using sulfate and inert nitrate anolyte. Sulfate anolyte yielded a seven-fold increase in apparent rate constants for ICM oxidation compared to inert nitrate anolyte, and a two-fold increase for the removal of organic carbon. Higher iodine release was observed in electrooxidation of diatrizoate compared to iopromide. In the case of diatrizoate, around 80% of deiodination efficiency was achieved in both anolytes. Deiodination efficiency of iopromide was somewhat lower in nitrate anolyte (�5%) and significantly reduced in sulfate anolyte (�6%) due to a larger steric hindrance of alkyl side chains. Moreover, a considerable lag phase of iopromide deiodination was observed in sulfate anolyte, indicating that initial oxidation reactions took place almost exclusively at the alkyl side chains. Several transformation products (TPs) of ICM were identified in electrooxidation in sulfate anolyte, and only three TPs in the case of nitrate anolyte. The main mechanistic steps in the oxidation of iopromide were H-abstraction and bond cleavage in the alkyl side chains. Diatrizoate was mainly transformed through oxidative cleavage of iodine substituent and inter-mol. cyclization. Two hydroxylamine derivatives of iopromide and a nitro-derivative of diatrizoate were observed in sulfate anolyte. These products have not been reported previously for hydroxyl radical-mediated oxidation of ICM. Given that electron-transfer mechanism is more typical for sulfate than for hydroxyl radicals, formation of hydroxylamine and nitro-derivatives of ICM was assigned to one-electron charge transfer to sulfate radical species and formation of N-centered radicals.

Water Research published new progress about Bond cleavage. 117-96-4 belongs to class isoquinoline, name is Diatrizoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C11H9I3N2O4, Name: Diatrizoic Acid.

Referemce:
Isoquinoline – Wikipedia,
Isoquinoline | C9H7N – PubChem

Azais, Antonin published the artcileNanofiltration for wastewater reuse: Counteractive effects of fouling and matrice on the rejection of pharmaceutical active compounds, Synthetic Route of 117-96-4, the main research area is nanofiltration wastewater reuse counteractive fouling matrice rejection pharmaceutical active.

This study investigates the influence of fouling and solute-solute interactions on the rejection of four pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) by two com. nanofiltration (NF) membranes for a water reuse purpose. Membrane bioreactor effluent was filtered and modification of membrane surface was fully characterized (roughness, MWCO, contact angle, zeta potential…). Polysaccharides and humic acid were the major compounds adsorbed on the membrane which causes the flux decline. Flux decline was more severe for NF-90 than NF-270 due to a higher roughness and hydrophobicity and smaller pore size. This fouling layer modified the membrane surface properties like hydrophobicity and charge. PhACs were then filtered in Milli-Q water, using virgin and pre-fouled membranes, or in real effluent, using virgin membranes, to identify basic phenomena involved in their retention. It appeared that changes in membrane surface affected transport and retention of salts and PhACs in comparison with unfouled membranes, especially for NF-270. The comparison between filtration of PhACs in Milli-Q water or real effluent evidenced the effect of solute-solute interactions on retention. For all tested PhACs, rejection by NF-270 was improved when filtering spiked MBR effluent in comparison with spiked Milli-Q. The influence of the matrice was less pronounced for the NF-90. Two counteractive mechanisms appeared to be involved in the rejection of pharmaceuticals by a loose-NF like NF-270: adsorption onto macromols. in the surrounding matrice resulting in increased rejection and the presence of a fouling layer leading to decrease in rejection. Finally, NF-90 could be a possible alternative to the systematic reverse osmosis scheme and allowed great rejection capacities and cost saving.

Separation and Purification Technology published new progress about Contact angle. 117-96-4 belongs to class isoquinoline, name is Diatrizoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C11H9I3N2O4, Synthetic Route of 117-96-4.

Referemce:
Isoquinoline – Wikipedia,
Isoquinoline | C9H7N – PubChem

ter Laak, Thomas L. published the artcileRelating environmental concentrations of pharmaceuticals to consumption: A mass balance approach for the river Rhine, Application In Synthesis of 117-96-4, the main research area is pharmaceutical environmental concentration mass balance approach river Rhine.

In this study, pharmaceuticals were frequently monitored in the Rhine delta between the year 2002 and 2008. Average concentrations of several X-ray contrast mediums were above 0.1 μg/L, the average concentration of carbamazepine was about 0.1 μg/L, while average concentrations of the other pharmaceuticals generally fell between 0.1 and 0.01 μg/L. Concentrations were used to calculate annual loads transported by the Rhine at Lobith. These loads were compared to the annual sales upstream of Lobith. This mass balance approach shows that substantial fractions (1.1% to 70.4%) of the 20 most frequently observed pharmaceuticals sold in the Rhine catchment area are recovered in the Rhine at Lobith. The observed annual loads were compared to loads predicted from annual sales in the catchment area, excreted fractions by humans and removal by waste water treatment. Observed and predicted annual loads were rather similar. The difference of the loads obtained from monitoring data and estimated from consumption was smaller than a factor of seven and did not exceed a factor of two for 15 out of the 20 pharmaceuticals. This illustrates the potential of using sales data for the prediction of concentrations in the aqueous environment.

Environment International published new progress about Decomposition. 117-96-4 belongs to class isoquinoline, name is Diatrizoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C11H9I3N2O4, Application In Synthesis of 117-96-4.

Referemce:
Isoquinoline – Wikipedia,
Isoquinoline | C9H7N – PubChem

Riad, Safaa M. published the artcileA comparative study between three stability indicating spectrophotometric methods for the determination of diatrizoate sodium in presence of its cytotoxic degradation product based on two-wavelength selection, Application of Diatrizoic Acid, the main research area is stability indicating spectrophotometry diatrizoate sodium degradation; Bivariate; Dual wavelength; Ratio difference; Sodium diatrizoate; Stability indicating methods.

Three sensitive, selective, and precise stability indicating spectrophotometric methods for the determination of the X-ray contrast agent, diatrizoate sodium (DTA) in the presence of its acidic degradation product (highly cytotoxic 3,5-diamino metabolite) and in pharmaceutical formulation, were developed and validated. The first method is ratio difference, the second one is the bivariate method, and the third one is the dual wavelength method. The calibration curves for the three proposed methods are linear over a concentration range of 2-24 μg/mL. The selectivity of the proposed methods was tested using laboratory prepared mixtures The proposed methods have been successfully applied to the anal. of DTA in pharmaceutical dosage forms without interference from other dosage form additives. The results were statistically compared with the official US pharmacopeial method. No significant difference for either accuracy or precision was observed

Spectrochimica Acta, Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy published new progress about Decomposition. 117-96-4 belongs to class isoquinoline, name is Diatrizoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C11H9I3N2O4, Application of Diatrizoic Acid.

Referemce:
Isoquinoline – Wikipedia,
Isoquinoline | C9H7N – PubChem

Brogat, Marine published the artcileAutomatic and predictive fractionation of organic micropollutants in contaminated water, Category: isoquinoline, the main research area is physicochem property organic micropollutant water pollution fractionation.

Environmental context The safeguarding of water supplies and drinking water is a major issue when considering human health risk management. In this context, an automatic and on-site fractionation system for the detection of organic contaminants has been developed. The main goal of this system is to establish an initial diagnosis by identifying a class of substances involved in a case of pollution. Abstract This paper proposes a new approach for the preconcentration, fractionation, prediction and detection of organic micropollutants in water. The main aim of this study was to implement an innovative fractionation method and a prediction model based on the physicochem. properties of compounds and interactions with the sorbent of solid-phase extraction cartridges. Two sorbents (Strata-SAX and Oasis-HLB) and three specific eluting solvents (mixture of methanol and sodium chloride and mixtures of acetonitrile and ultrapure water) were used to sep. organic compounds into five specific fractions according to their physicochem. properties (anionic and cationic or neutral compounds with various polarity). More than 75 mols. (43 mols. individually studied and a mixture with 43 mols., including 11 mols. individually studied) including pesticides, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, with various properties were studied, and the results showed that the elution fraction can be predicted for more than 85% of the compounds This methodol. could simplify the anal. chain by reducing detailed anal. on limited categories of compounds, and could be used for a rapid and on-site screening of organic compounds

Environmental Chemistry published new progress about Fractionation. 117-96-4 belongs to class isoquinoline, name is Diatrizoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C11H9I3N2O4, Category: isoquinoline.

Referemce:
Isoquinoline – Wikipedia,
Isoquinoline | C9H7N – PubChem