Escola Casas, Monica published the artcileBiodegradation of pharmaceuticals in hospital wastewater by a hybrid biofilm and activated sludge system (Hybas), HPLC of Formula: 117-96-4, the main research area is biodegradation pharmaceutical hospital wastewater hybrid biofilm activated sludge; Hospital wastewater; MBBR; Pharmaceuticals; Removal rate constants; X-ray contrast media.
Hospital wastewater contributes a significant input of pharmaceuticals into municipal wastewater. The combination of suspended activated sludge and biofilm processes, as stand-alone or as hybrid process (hybrid biofilm and activated sludge system (Hybas)) has been suggested as a possible solution for hospital wastewater treatment. To study the potential of such a hybrid system for the removal of pharmaceuticals in hospital wastewater a pilot plant consisting of a series of one activated sludge reactor, 2 Hybas reactors and one moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was established and adapted during 10 mo of continuous operation. After this adaptation phase batch and continuous experiments were performed for the determination of degradation of pharmaceuticals. Removal of organic matter and nitrification mainly occurred in the first reactor. Most pharmaceuticals were removed significantly. The removal of pharmaceuticals (including x-ray contrast media, β-blockers, analgesics and antibiotics) was fitted to a single 1st-order kinetics degradation function, giving degradation rate constants 0-1.49/h, 0-7.78 × 10-1/h, 0-7.86 × 10-1/h and 0-1.07 × 10-1/h for 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th reactors, resp. Generally, the highest removal rate constants were in the 1st and 3rd reactors while the lowest were found in the 2nd one. When the removal rate constants were normalized to biomass amount, the last reactor (biofilm only) appeared to have the most effective biomass in respect to removing pharmaceuticals. In the batch experiment, out of 26 compounds, 16 were assessed to degrade >20% of the resp. pharmaceutical within the Hybas train. In the continuous flow experiments, the measured removals were similar to those estimated from the batch experiments, but the concentrations of a few pharmaceuticals appeared to increase during the 1st treatment step. Such increase could be attributed to de-conjugation or formation from other metabolites.
Science of the Total Environment published new progress about Activated-sludge process wastewater treatment. 117-96-4 belongs to class isoquinoline, name is Diatrizoic Acid, and the molecular formula is C11H9I3N2O4, HPLC of Formula: 117-96-4.
Referemce:
Isoquinoline – Wikipedia,
Isoquinoline | C9H7N – PubChem